India - Revision history

Jessica: /* Administrative Divisions */

2026-02-27T07:10:00Z

Administrative Divisions

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 27 February 2026
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	'''States'''		'''States'''
	*Andhra Pradesh		*[[Andhra Pradesh]]
	*Arunachal Pradesh		*[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
	*Assam		*[[Assam]]
	*Bihar		*[[Bihar]]
	*Chhattisgarh		*[[Chhattisgarh]]
	*Goa		*[[Goa]]
	*Gujarat		*[[Gujarat]]
	*Haryana		*[[Haryana]]
	*Himachal Pradesh		*[[Himachal Pradesh]]
	*Jharkhand		*[[Jharkhand]]
	*Karnataka		*[[Karnataka]]
	*Kerala		*[[Kerala]]
	*Madhya Pradesh		*[[Madhya Pradesh]]
	*Maharashtra		*[[Maharashtra]]
	*Manipur		*[[Manipur]]
	*Meghalaya		*[[Meghalaya]]
	*Mizoram		*[[Mizoram]]
	*Nagaland		*[[Nagaland]]
	*Odisha		*[[Odisha]]
	*Punjab		*[[Punjab]]
	*Rajasthan		*[[Rajasthan]]
	*Sikkim		*[[Sikkim]]
	*Tamil Nadu		*[[Tamil Nadu]]
	*Telangana		*[[Telangana]]
	*Tripura		*[[Tripura]]
	*Uttar Pradesh		*[[Uttar Pradesh]]
	*Uttarakhand		*[[Uttarakhand]]
	*West Bengal		*[[West Bengal]]

	'''Union Territories'''		'''Union Territories'''

Jessica at 16:17, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T16:17:59Z

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	[[Category:Countries]]		[[Category:Countries]]
	~~[[Category:India]]~~
	[[Category:Geography of India]]		[[Category:Geography of India]]
	[[Category:History of India]]		[[Category:History of India]]

Jessica at 16:16, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T16:16:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:46, 26 February 2026
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	'''India''', also known as the '''Republic of India''', is a Country in South Asia.~~<ref>https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/wpp2022_summary_of_results.pdf</ref>~~ It is the '''seventh-largest country''' in terms of size and, since 2023, the '''most populous country''' in the world and the '''largest democracy'''.~~<ref>https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1133498.</ref>~~ India shares its borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. It is also surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. This has made India an important hub in the Asian continent due to its location and long coastline.		'''India''', also known as the '''Republic of India''', is a Country in South Asia. It is the '''seventh-largest country''' in terms of size and, since 2023, the '''most populous country''' in the world and the '''largest democracy'''. India shares its borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. It is also surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. This has made India an important hub in the Asian continent due to its location and long coastline.

	The Indian subcontinent has been home to human beings for over 55,000 years. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, existed in this region in the third millennium BCE. India has been the birthplace of some of the world’s greatest religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism~~<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism</ref>~~. Other religions like Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism also have strong roots in the country. The Mauryan, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal, and British empires have left their impression on the country’s politics, society, and culture~~<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/mughal-empire/25DE4321AB17CA0AD34D13675B9C52F6</ref>~~. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a long struggle and a federal democratic republic in 1950.		The Indian subcontinent has been home to human beings for over 55,000 years. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, existed in this region in the third millennium BCE. India has been the birthplace of some of the world’s greatest religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Other religions like Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism also have strong roots in the country. The Mauryan, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal, and British empires have left their impression on the country’s politics, society, and culture. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a long struggle and a federal democratic republic in 1950.

	Currently, India is a plural, multilingual, and multi-ethnic state with a population of over 1.4 billion people. Since gaining independence, the country has changed from a low-income economy to one of the fastest-growing large economies in the world, especially in the field of information technology and services. Although the country has made considerable progress in reducing poverty, illiteracy, and economic development, it still faces challenges such as inequality, environmental issues, and regional conflicts. The country’s biodiversity, culture, and democratic system make it one of the most powerful countries in today’s world.		Currently, India is a plural, multilingual, and multi-ethnic state with a population of over 1.4 billion people. Since gaining independence, the country has changed from a low-income economy to one of the fastest-growing large economies in the world, especially in the field of information technology and services. Although the country has made considerable progress in reducing poverty, illiteracy, and economic development, it still faces challenges such as inequality, environmental issues, and regional conflicts. The country’s biodiversity, culture, and democratic system make it one of the most powerful countries in today’s world.

	=='''Etymology'''==		=='''Etymology'''==
	The origin of the name '''India''' is the result of many centuries of linguistic and cultural contact. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the English name “''India''” comes from the Latin India, which is a general term for a large area of South Asia. The name has its roots in the Greek words ''Indía'' and ''Indós'', which referred to the ''Indus River'', and the Old Persian Hindu, which was the name of an eastern province of the Achaemenid Empire~~<ref>https://www.oed.com/dictionary/india_n?tl=true</ref>~~. Its oldest known root is the Sanskrit word ''Sindhu'', which means “''river''” in general, and specifically the Indus River and the area around it~~<ref>Thapar, Romila. ''The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300''. Penguin Books, 2003.</ref>~~. The ancient Greeks knew the inhabitants of this area as the ''Indoi'', which means “people of the Indus ~~<ref>Boesche, Roger. ''The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra''. Lexington Books, 2002.</ref>~~."		The origin of the name '''India''' is the result of many centuries of linguistic and cultural contact. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the English name “''India''” comes from the Latin India, which is a general term for a large area of South Asia. The name has its roots in the Greek words ''Indía'' and ''Indós'', which referred to the ''Indus River'', and the Old Persian Hindu, which was the name of an eastern province of the Achaemenid Empire. Its oldest known root is the Sanskrit word ''Sindhu'', which means “''river''” in general, and specifically the Indus River and the area around it. The ancient Greeks knew the inhabitants of this area as the ''Indoi'', which means “people of the Indus ."

	Another commonly used name is '''Bharat''' (''Bhārat''), which is used in ancient Indian epics and is also used in the Constitution of India. It comes from the name ''Bharatavarsha'', which is a historical name for a large area of the Indian subcontinent, and has been in increasing use in the 19th century as a native name for the country.		Another commonly used name is '''Bharat''' (''Bhārat''), which is used in ancient Indian epics and is also used in the Constitution of India. It comes from the name ''Bharatavarsha'', which is a historical name for a large area of the Indian subcontinent, and has been in increasing use in the 19th century as a native name for the country.

Jessica at 14:20, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T14:20:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:50, 26 February 2026
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	'''India''', also known as the '''Republic of India''', is a Country in South Asia. It is the '''seventh-largest country''' in terms of size and, since 2023, the '''most populous country''' in the world and the '''largest democracy'''. India shares its borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. It is also surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. This has made India an important hub in the Asian continent due to its location and long coastline.		'''India''', also known as the '''Republic of India''', is a Country in South Asia.<ref>https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/wpp2022_summary_of_results.pdf</ref> It is the '''seventh-largest country''' in terms of size and, since 2023, the '''most populous country''' in the world and the '''largest democracy'''.<ref>https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1133498.</ref> India shares its borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. It is also surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea, and the Bay of Bengal. This has made India an important hub in the Asian continent due to its location and long coastline.

	The Indian subcontinent has been home to human beings for over 55,000 years. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, existed in this region in the third millennium BCE. India has been the birthplace of some of the world’s greatest religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Other religions like Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism also have strong roots in the country. The Mauryan, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal, and British empires have left their impression on the country’s politics, society, and culture. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a long struggle and a federal democratic republic in 1950.		The Indian subcontinent has been home to human beings for over 55,000 years. The Indus Valley Civilization, one of the oldest civilizations in the world, existed in this region in the third millennium BCE. India has been the birthplace of some of the world’s greatest religions like Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jainism</ref>. Other religions like Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism also have strong roots in the country. The Mauryan, Gupta, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal, and British empires have left their impression on the country’s politics, society, and culture<ref>https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/mughal-empire/25DE4321AB17CA0AD34D13675B9C52F6</ref>. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a long struggle and a federal democratic republic in 1950.

	Currently, India is a plural, multilingual, and multi-ethnic state with a population of over 1.4 billion people. Since gaining independence, the country has changed from a low-income economy to one of the fastest-growing large economies in the world, especially in the field of information technology and services. Although the country has made considerable progress in reducing poverty, illiteracy, and economic development, it still faces challenges such as inequality, environmental issues, and regional conflicts. The country’s biodiversity, culture, and democratic system make it one of the most powerful countries in today’s world.		Currently, India is a plural, multilingual, and multi-ethnic state with a population of over 1.4 billion people. Since gaining independence, the country has changed from a low-income economy to one of the fastest-growing large economies in the world, especially in the field of information technology and services. Although the country has made considerable progress in reducing poverty, illiteracy, and economic development, it still faces challenges such as inequality, environmental issues, and regional conflicts. The country’s biodiversity, culture, and democratic system make it one of the most powerful countries in today’s world.

	=='''Etymology'''==		=='''Etymology'''==
	The origin of the name '''India''' is the result of many centuries of linguistic and cultural contact. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the English name “''India''” comes from the Latin India, which is a general term for a large area of South Asia. The name has its roots in the Greek words ''Indía'' and ''Indós'', which referred to the ''Indus River'', and the Old Persian Hindu, which was the name of an eastern province of the Achaemenid Empire. Its oldest known root is the Sanskrit word ''Sindhu'', which means “''river''” in general, and specifically the Indus River and the area around it. The ancient Greeks knew the inhabitants of this area as the ''Indoi'', which means “people of the Indus.”		The origin of the name '''India''' is the result of many centuries of linguistic and cultural contact. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the English name “''India''” comes from the Latin India, which is a general term for a large area of South Asia. The name has its roots in the Greek words ''Indía'' and ''Indós'', which referred to the ''Indus River'', and the Old Persian Hindu, which was the name of an eastern province of the Achaemenid Empire<ref>https://www.oed.com/dictionary/india_n?tl=true</ref>. Its oldest known root is the Sanskrit word ''Sindhu'', which means “''river''” in general, and specifically the Indus River and the area around it<ref>Thapar, Romila. ''The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300''. Penguin Books, 2003.</ref>. The ancient Greeks knew the inhabitants of this area as the ''Indoi'', which means “people of the Indus <ref>Boesche, Roger. ''The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra''. Lexington Books, 2002.</ref>."

	Another commonly used name is '''Bharat''' (''Bhārat''), which is used in ancient Indian epics and is also used in the Constitution of India. It comes from the name ''Bharatavarsha'', which is a historical name for a large area of the Indian subcontinent, and has been in increasing use in the 19th century as a native name for the country.		Another commonly used name is '''Bharat''' (''Bhārat''), which is used in ancient Indian epics and is also used in the Constitution of India. It comes from the name ''Bharatavarsha'', which is a historical name for a large area of the Indian subcontinent, and has been in increasing use in the 19th century as a native name for the country.

Jessica at 11:33, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T11:33:14Z

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	Historically, the literacy rate in India was much lower. In 1981, the overall literacy rate was 41% (53% for men and 29% for women). In 1951, the literacy rate was 18% (27% for men and 9% for women). Prior to that, in 1921, the literacy rate was 7% overall (12% for men and 2% for women), and in 1891, the literacy rate was 5% overall (9% for men and 1% for women). According to economic historian Latika Chaudhary, in 1911, there was less than three primary schools for every ten villages. It is found that increased caste and religious diversity statistically lowered private expenditures on primary education, which impacted the literacy rate in certain areas.		Historically, the literacy rate in India was much lower. In 1981, the overall literacy rate was 41% (53% for men and 29% for women). In 1951, the literacy rate was 18% (27% for men and 9% for women). Prior to that, in 1921, the literacy rate was 7% overall (12% for men and 2% for women), and in 1891, the literacy rate was 5% overall (9% for men and 1% for women). According to economic historian Latika Chaudhary, in 1911, there was less than three primary schools for every ten villages. It is found that increased caste and religious diversity statistically lowered private expenditures on primary education, which impacted the literacy rate in certain areas.

			==See Also==

			==External Links==
			[https://india.gov.in Official Government Portal]
			* [https://www.incredibleindia.org/ Incredible India – Tourism Portal]


			[[Category:Countries]]
			[[Category:India]]
			[[Category:Geography of India]]
			[[Category:History of India]]
			[[Category:Politics of India]]
			[[Category:Economy of India]]
			[[Category:Culture of India]]
			[[Category:Tourism in India]]
			[[Category:Education in India]]
			[[Category:Transport in India]]
			[[Category:Sports in India]]
			[[Category:Demographics of India]]
			[[Category:States and territories of India]]
			[[Category:Government of India]]
			[[Category:Foreign relations of India]]
			[[Category:Military of India]]

Jessica: /* Post-Independence India (1947–present) */

2026-02-26T11:27:40Z

Post-Independence India (1947–present)

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:57, 26 February 2026
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	However, by the end of the 17th Century and early 18th centuries, the Mughal Empire began to decline, giving rise to the emergence of regional powers. During this period, European trading companies, particularly the East India Company, began to establish coastal towns. With the acquisition of control over Bengal in 1765, the Company began to exercise its political and military power over a vast area of India by the early '''19th century'''. This marked the beginning of the colonial era of India, as it gradually changed from being a large exporter of manufactured products to a supplier of raw materials to the British Empire.		However, by the end of the 17th Century and early 18th centuries, the Mughal Empire began to decline, giving rise to the emergence of regional powers. During this period, European trading companies, particularly the East India Company, began to establish coastal towns. With the acquisition of control over Bengal in 1765, the Company began to exercise its political and military power over a vast area of India by the early '''19th century'''. This marked the beginning of the colonial era of India, as it gradually changed from being a large exporter of manufactured products to a supplier of raw materials to the British Empire.

	== Post-Independence India (1947–present) ==		== '''Post-Independence India (1947–present)''' ==
	In 1848, Lord Dalhousie became the Governor-General of the '''East India Company''', marking the beginning of large-scale administrative and territorial reforms in India. The railways, canals, and telegraph were introduced, revolutionizing communication and transport. But rising discontent with the Company's policies, such as excessive taxation, annexations, and social reforms, culminated in the '''Indian Rebellion of 1857''', a massive uprising in northern and central India.		In 1848, Lord Dalhousie became the Governor-General of the '''East India Company''', marking the beginning of large-scale administrative and territorial reforms in India. The railways, canals, and telegraph were introduced, revolutionizing communication and transport. But rising discontent with the Company's policies, such as excessive taxation, annexations, and social reforms, culminated in the '''Indian Rebellion of 1857''', a massive uprising in northern and central India.

Jessica at 11:27, 26 February 2026

2026-02-26T11:27:02Z

Show changes

Jessica: /* Early Modern India */

2026-02-26T10:44:48Z

Early Modern India

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 26 February 2026
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	In the Southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, the reduction in power of the regional rulers led to the emergence of the '''Vijayanagara Empire''', which was a major force in Peninsular India. Based on robust Shaivite traditions and with highly developed military structures, it left an indelible mark on the society and culture of South India.		In the Southern parts of the Indian subcontinent, the reduction in power of the regional rulers led to the emergence of the '''Vijayanagara Empire''', which was a major force in Peninsular India. Based on robust Shaivite traditions and with highly developed military structures, it left an indelible mark on the society and culture of South India.

	== '''''Early Modern India ''''' ==		== '''Early Modern India ''' ==
	In the early '''16th century''', the '''Mughal Empire''', founded by Central Asian rulers who made use of superior cavalry tactics and gunpowder weapons, ruled over northern India. Instead of destroying the existing social structure, the Mughals established a centralized administrative system that included various regional elites. During the reign of emperors like Akbar, the Mughal Empire developed a Persianized court culture and a system of loyalty to the emperor, which allowed for relatively stable and uniform administration over a large area.		In the early '''16th century''', the '''Mughal Empire''', founded by Central Asian rulers who made use of superior cavalry tactics and gunpowder weapons, ruled over northern India. Instead of destroying the existing social structure, the Mughals established a centralized administrative system that included various regional elites. During the reign of emperors like Akbar, the Mughal Empire developed a Persianized court culture and a system of loyalty to the emperor, which allowed for relatively stable and uniform administration over a large area.

Jessica: /* Medieval India */

2026-02-26T10:44:02Z

Medieval India

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:14, 26 February 2026
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	These early achievements formed the civilizational basis of India, which would influence the linguistic, religious, political, and cultural landscape of the subcontinent for many centuries to come.		These early achievements formed the civilizational basis of India, which would influence the linguistic, religious, political, and cultural landscape of the subcontinent for many centuries to come.

	== Medieval India==		=== Medieval India===
	The early medieval period in India (approx. 600-1200 CE) was characterized by the rise of regional kingdoms and a great deal of cultural diversity. There was no ruler who could exercise lasting dominance over the whole subcontinent, and the result was a politically fragmented land. During this period, nomadic and newly settled peoples were gradually absorbed into the caste system, which began to show regional differences.		The early medieval period in India (approx. 600-1200 CE) was characterized by the rise of regional kingdoms and a great deal of cultural diversity. There was no ruler who could exercise lasting dominance over the whole subcontinent, and the result was a politically fragmented land. During this period, nomadic and newly settled peoples were gradually absorbed into the caste system, which began to show regional differences.

Jessica: /* Ancient India */

2026-02-26T10:43:14Z

Ancient India

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 26 February 2026
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	=='''''Historical Overview'''''==		=='''''Historical Overview'''''==
	==Ancient India==		===Ancient India===
	The early history of humans in the '''Indian''' subcontinent is traced to tens of thousands of years ago. Genetic studies based on the mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome show that anatomically modern humans migrated to the Indian subcontinent from Africa between 80,000 and 50,000 years ago, probably around 55,000 years ago. Their long stay in the subcontinent, in some cases in isolation, as hunter-gatherers, added to the region’s remarkable genetic diversity, second only to Africa. The oldest known modern human fossils in South Asia have been found to be around 30,000 years old.		The early history of humans in the '''Indian''' subcontinent is traced to tens of thousands of years ago. Genetic studies based on the mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome show that anatomically modern humans migrated to the Indian subcontinent from Africa between 80,000 and 50,000 years ago, probably around 55,000 years ago. Their long stay in the subcontinent, in some cases in isolation, as hunter-gatherers, added to the region’s remarkable genetic diversity, second only to Africa. The oldest known modern human fossils in South Asia have been found to be around 30,000 years old.